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Ismail Kadare (, also spelled ''Kadaré''; born 28 January 1936) is an Albanian novelist and poet. He has been a leading literary figure in Albania since the 1960s. He focused on short stories until the publication of his first novel, ''The General of the Dead Army''. In 1996 he became a lifetime member of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences of France. In 1992, he was awarded the Prix mondial Cino Del Duca; in 2005, he won the inaugural Man Booker International Prize, in 2009 the Prince of Asturias Award of Arts, and in 2015 the Jerusalem Prize. He has divided his time between Albania and France since 1990. Kadare has been mentioned as a possible recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature several times. His works have been published in about 30 languages. ==Biography== Ismail Kadare was born on 28 January 1936 in Gjirokastër in the Kingdom of Albania, to Muslim parents.〔http://www.timesofisrael.com/albanian-author-of-muslim-origin-wins-book-fair-award/〕 His father, Halit, worked in the civil service. He attended primary and secondary schools in Gjirokastër and studied languages and literature at the Faculty of History and Philology of the University of Tirana. In 1956 Kadare received a teacher's diploma. He later studied at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow. Kadare served as a member of the Albanian parliament during Communist rule from 1970 until 1982 and was permitted to travel and publish abroad. After offending the authorities with a politically satirical poem in 1975, he was forbidden to publish for three years. In 1982 Kadare was accused by the president of the League of Albanian Writers and Artists of deliberately evading politics by cloaking much of his fiction in history and folklore. In 1990, Kadare claimed political asylum in France, issuing statements in favour of democratisation. At that time, he stated that "dictatorship and authentic literature are incompatible. The writer is the natural enemy of dictatorship". Critical opinion is divided as to whether Kadare should be considered to have been a dissident or a conformist during the Communist period.〔 For his part, Kadare has stated that he had never claimed to be an "Albanian Solzhenitsyn" or a dissident, and that "dissidence was a position no one could occupy (Enver Hoxha's Albania ), even for a few days, without facing the firing squad. On the other hand, my books themselves constitute a very obvious form of resistance". Referring to ''The Great Winter'' (1977), a novel in which he portrayed Enver Hoxha in a flattering light, Kadare said the book was "the price he had to pay for his freedom". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ismail Kadare」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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